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# CSA Ocean Sciences Inc.: Marine Environmental Consultants

## Sitemaps
[XML Sitemap](https://csaocean.com/sitemap_index.xml): Includes all crawlable and indexable pages.

## Posts
- [CSA Ocean Sciences joins APEM Group: Advancing the Future of Marine Environmental Intelligence](https://csaocean.com/news/blog/csa-ocean-sciences-joins-apem-group-advancing-the-future-of-marine-environmental-intelligence/): CSA Ocean Sciences is delighted to formally announce that it is now part of APEM Group, marking the beginning of an exciting new chapter built on scientific excellence, collaboration, and a shared ambition to help clients navigate increasingly complex environmental challenges. This partnership brings together two organizations with a strong heritage in environmental science and data analysis, as well as a commitment to delivering trusted, evidence-based scientific insights.
- [CSA Ocean Sciences Celebrates World Hydrography Day](https://csaocean.com/news/blog/csa-ocean-sciences-celebrates-world-hydrography-day/): On this World Hydrography Day, we celebrate the vital role that hydrography plays in creating a safer and more sustainable future for our oceans. The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) traces its origins to the First International Hydrographic Conference held in London in 1919, where representatives from 24 nations met to improve cooperation, standardize hydrographic practices, enhance nautical charting, and facilitate the exchange of hydrographic information. This effort led to the establishment of the International Hydrographic Bureau (IHB) on June 21, 1921, which later became the IHO in 1970.
- [TEAMWORK THAT’S SURE AS SHOOTING: CSA WOMEN TAKE AIM AT STUART CLAY SHOOT](https://csaocean.com/news/blog/teamwork-thats-sure-as-shooting-csa-women-take-aim-at-stuart-clay-shoot/): At CSA Ocean Sciences (CSA), some of the most rewarding opportunities for professional growth, teamwork, and confidence happen outside of the office. Last summer, for example, a group of women from CSA went snorkeling with sharks, an exhilarating team activity that called for a shared sense of trust, communication, and coordination. This summer, partly inspired by the impressive performance of the TDI-Brooks Women’s Team at the Marine Technology Society Clay Shoot in Houston, a few CSA women hit a clay course at the South Florida Shooting Club, not far from CSA’s Corporate Headquarters in Martin County, Florida.
- [CSA Attends Process Safety Forum](https://csaocean.com/news/blog/csa-attends-process-safety-forum/): CSA Ocean Sciences (Trinidad) Ltd. (CSA) attended the Process Safety Forum hosted by the Energy Chamber of Trinidad and Tobago on May 28, 2026, at Cara Suites Hotel and Conference Centre in Claxton Bay.
- [THE ATLANTIC TARPON](https://csaocean.com/news/blog/the-atlantic-tarpon/): For the next installment in our fish blog series, we are moving over to Alabama, as there is no state saltwater fish for Mississippi. Alabama's state fish is the Atlantic tarpon (Megalops atlanticus), also called tarpon or silver king.
- [Marine Mammal Experts from APEM Group & CSA Ocean Sciences Unite at European Cetacean Society Conference](https://csaocean.com/news/blog/marine-mammal-experts-from-apem-group-csa-ocean-sciences-unite-at-european-cetacean-society-conference/): From April 22–24, 2026, marine mammal experts from APEM Group (APEM) and CSA Ocean Sciences, now part of APEM, united in Dundee, Scotland to present papers at the European Cetacean Society Conference. Joana Torres of APEM presented on the application of aerial survey methodologies to establish baseline data for marine mammals in support of offshore wind development, while Kim Kobo, Project Scientist with CSA, presented her research on the reproductive traits of bottlenose dolphins along the Mediterranean coast of Israel, contributing to an ongoing long-term population study led by the University of Haifa.
- [Broadening Perspectives: CSA Ocean Sciences at the AMCHAM T&T Women’s Leadership Conference 2026](https://csaocean.com/news/blog/broadening-perspectives-csa-ocean-sciences-at-the-amcham-tt-womens-leadership-conference-2026/): At CSA, we are committed to continuous learning, professional development, and fostering diverse perspectives across our teams. Recently, two of our Project Scientist attended the AMCHAM T&T Women’s Leadership Conference 2026, an experience that offered valuable insights beyond the traditional scope of our work.
- [The Spotted Seatrout](https://csaocean.com/news/blog/the-spotted-seatrout/): To continue our celebration of state saltwater fishes, we move on to the spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus), also known as spotted weakfish or speckled trout. Just like the last fish blog installment that focused on the red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus), the spotted seatrout is also a member of the drum, or Sciaenidae, family.
- [CSA Ocean Sciences Celebrates World Creativity and Innovation Day](https://csaocean.com/news/blog/csa-ocean-sciences-celebrates-world-creativity-and-innovation-day/): It is no secret that working on, in, and under the ocean means working in a challenging environment. With tides, weather, and currents always changing, the only constant about the ocean is that it is always in flux. Today, CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. (CSA) is celebrating the United Nations’ Creativity and Innovation Day, and the creativity and innovation that our experienced Operations Department brings every day to addressing our clients' needs and delivering best-in-class marine environmental consultancy services.
- [CSA Subject Matter Experts to Attend Gulf of America’s Leading Decommissioning Conference](https://csaocean.com/news/blog/csa-subject-matter-experts-to-attend-gulf-of-americas-leading-decommissioning-conference/): CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. (CSA) is attending the D&A GOA 2026 Conference on April 20 and 26 in Houston, Texas, to support the offshore industry’s increasing demand for efficient, compliant, and environmentally responsible decommissioning, not only in the Gulf of America but globally.
- [CSA Technology Spotlight: Keeping Current with ADCPs](https://csaocean.com/news/blog/csa-technology-spotlight-keeping-current-with-adcps/): CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. (CSA) offers a range of data collection instruments to support client needs, including the Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP). ADCPs have revolutionized how scientists measure metocean data, allowing them to collect data quickly, accurately, and with precision. Deployed on most vessels that CSA owns or charters, ADCPs allow scientists to measure water currents throughout the water column.
- [CSA Ocean Sciences Recognized by Partner ExxonMobil for Exemplary Safety Protocols on Eastern Mediterranean Survey](https://csaocean.com/news/blog/csa-ocean-sciences-recognized-by-partner-exxonmobil-for-exemplary-safety-protocols-on-eastern-mediterranean-survey/): The CSA Ocean Sciences team, alongside our survey partner, TDI-Brooks, in the Eastern Mediterranean, was recently recognized by our long-standing regional client, ExxonMobil, for demonstrating exemplary safety procedures and practices aboard the RV Nautilus.
- [A Sea of Knowledge: A Peek into CSA’s Managed Library](https://csaocean.com/news/blog/a-sea-of-knowledge-a-peek-into-csas-managed-library/): Recently, Nature published an article explaining “Why every scientist needs a librarian.” CSA could not agree more. Every year, CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. (CSA) staff comb through thousands of scientific books and articles, regulatory documents, technical reports, and white papers while preparing client deliverables and keeping up to date on the latest scientific developments. Gathering all these publications is vital to producing deliverables built on strong, defendable science.
- [The Red Drum](https://csaocean.com/news/blog/the-red-drum/): Now that we have finished covering the state marine fishes of the Pacific states, we are turning our attention towards the marine fishes of the southeastern states. The red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) is the state fish of Texas, Georgia, and North Carolina, although its range extends much farther north, reaching as far as Massachusetts. In addition to inhabiting coastal marine environments, red drum are highly tolerant of varying salinities and can be found miles upriver in freshwater systems.
- [CSA Strengthens Relationships with Regional Partners at Guyana Energy Conference and Supply Chain Expo 2026](https://csaocean.com/news/blog/csa-strengthens-relationships-with-regional-partners-at-guyana-energy-conference-and-supply-chain-expo-2026/): CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. (CSA) recently participated in the Guyana Energy Conference and Supply Chain Expo 2026 in Georgetown, Guyana, where our team exhibited at a booth and connected with partners, industry leaders, and clients across the energy sector.
- [CSA Ocean Sciences Proudly Supports MTS Houston Sporting Clays Tournament](https://csaocean.com/news/blog/csa-ocean-sciences-proudly-supports-mts-houston-sporting-clays-tournament/): CSA Ocean Sciences (CSA) is pleased to once again support the Marine Technology Society (MTS) Houston Section by sponsoring and participating in the upcoming MTS Houston Sporting Clays Tournament on Friday, March 20th. This year’s event will include the participation of CSA’s Dr. Jodi Harney (Vice President, Energy) and Chris Echols (Vice President, Commercial Operations), alongside other industry professionals who share a passion for applied marine science and technology and community engagement.
- [CSA Expands Water-Column Acoustic Capability with Echoview Software](https://csaocean.com/news/press-release/csa-expands-water-column-acoustic-capability-with-echoview-software/): CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. (CSA), today announced an expansion of its water-column acoustic capabilities through the acquisition of a licensed installation of Echoview software, a leading scientific platform for the processing and analysis of active acoustic data.
- [CSA MARKS WORLD SEAGRASS DAY](https://csaocean.com/news/blog/csa-marks-world-seagrass-day/): CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. (CSA), now part of APEM Group, recently celebrated World Seagrass Day on March 1. Organized by the United Nations, this day recognizes the key role that seagrass plays in the marine environment.
- [CSA Delivers Marine Environmental Expertise in Support of Sustainable Offshore Energy Exploration in Trinidad & Tobago](https://csaocean.com/news/blog/csa-delivers-marine-environmental-expertise-in-support-of-sustainable-offshore-energy-exploration-in-trinidad-tobago/): The recent issuance of a Certificate of Environmental Clearance (CEC) to a leading oil and gas operator by Trinidad and Tobago’s Environmental Management Authority (EMA) for the offshore exploration of wells, offshore the north coast, Trinidad represents an important milestone for the country’s energy sector and regulatory framework. The approval underscores the role of robust science, transparent engagement, and regulatory diligence in enabling responsible offshore exploration. This work demonstrates how science-led environmental assessment and structured stakeholder engagement can effectively support regulatory review and approval.
- [CSA Celebrates World Whale Day](https://csaocean.com/news/blog/csa-celebrates-world-whale-day/): Every year, World Whale Day is celebrated on the third Saturday of February. World Whale Day encourages an appreciation of whales and their conservation. Over 80 species of whale, including toothed whales like orcas, belugas, and dolphins, and baleen whales like humpbacks and North Atlantic right whales, inhabit the world’s oceans. However, several species are listed on the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List as species of conservation concern and are considered endangered or nearly endangered.
- [CSA Ocean Sciences Joins APEM Group](https://csaocean.com/news/press-release/csa-ocean-sciences-joins-apem-group/): APEM Group today announced that CSA Ocean Sciences, a US-based environmental consultancy supporting energy transition and coastal infrastructure projects worldwide, has joined the Group.
- [CSA Scientist Evaluates Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease Treatment in New Study](https://csaocean.com/news/blog/csa-scientist-evaluates-stony-coral-tissue-loss-disease-treatment-in-new-study/): CSA scientist Amanda Zummo, along with her research colleagues, recently published new findings on an innovative coral disease intervention strategy aimed at combating stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD). SCTLD has caused widespread mortality across Caribbean reefs, threatening long-lived, reef-building species such as Montastraea cavernosa. The study evaluates the effectiveness of one-time, in situ antibiotic treatments applied at the scale of entire reef tracts, offering a pragmatic response in regions where SCTLD has become endemic.
- [The Humuhumunukunukuāpuaʻa](https://csaocean.com/news/blog/the-humuhumunukunukuapua-a/): The fish with the longest common name on this list is the state fish of Hawai'i. The Humuhumunukunukuāpuaʻa, also known as the reef triggerfish (Rhinecanthus rectangulus), inhabits coral reefs and sandy bottoms in warm waters of the Pacific, Indian Ocean, and southeast Atlantic. Hawai'i is near the eastern edge of this species’ native range.
- [The Garibaldi](https://csaocean.com/news/blog/the-garibaldi/): The third installment of the CSA Fish Blog 2.0 is getting more colorful. Meet the bright orange garibaldi (Hypsypops rubicundus), the state fish of California. The garibaldi belongs to the damselfish family, a group typically associated with warm coral reefs, but the garibaldi is well adapted to cooler waters. This striking species is native to southern California and Mexico, ranging from Monterey Bay southward along the coast into Baja California, Mexico.
- [CSA Ocean Sciences Completes SPI/PV Survey of the Columbia River in Oregon and Washington](https://csaocean.com/news/press-release/csa-ocean-sciences-completes-spi-pv-survey-of-the-columbia-river-in-oregon-and-washington/): CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. (CSA), a global marine environmental consulting firm, today announced the completion of a Sediment Profile Imaging (SPI)/Plan View (PV) Survey of an 85-mile stretch of the Columbia River. The survey, conducted between The Dalles, Oregon to Vancouver, Washington, supports planning for the Cascade Renewable Transmission (CRT) Project, a proposed underwater and underground transmission line capable of transferring approximately 1,100 MW of energy beneath the Columbia River to the Portland area.
- [CSA Ocean Sciences Wins Metocean Projects in South America and Pacific Ocean](https://csaocean.com/news/press-release/csa-ocean-sciences-wins-metocean-projects-in-south-america-and-pacific-ocean/): CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. (CSA), a global marine environmental consulting firm, has announced several significant contract wins for metocean studies in South America and the Pacific Ocean. The projects, with concurrent deployments to depths of 6,000 meters in waters offshore East Africa, West Africa, South America, and the Pacific Ocean depths, will be supported by CSA’s latest additions to its expanding inventory of metocean systems, including newly acquired acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) and other new instruments for arrays.
- [CSA Ocean Sciences Welcomes Two New Team Members to Its Growing Operations Department](https://csaocean.com/news/blog/csa-ocean-sciences-welcomes-two-new-team-members-to-its-growing-operations-department/): CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. (CSA) is excited to welcome two new members to our expanding Operations Department based in Stuart, Florida. As CSA continues to support a growing portfolio of marine, environmental, and geophysical projects around the world, we are further strengthening our team with experienced and talented ocean professionals who marry proven technical expertise and a true passion for thorough marine science. In this latest blog post, we profile CSA’s latest recruits: Lisa Buckfield-Hill and Jonathan Brown.
- [The Steelhead Trout](https://csaocean.com/news/blog/the-steelhead-trout/): In the second installment of the revitalized Fish Blog series, we're heading down the Pacific Coast to Washington State and its state fish, the steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). A sister to the Chinook (king) salmon discussed in the previous fish blog, steelhead trout are found along the west coast—from Mexico to Alaska and across the Pacific Rim to the Sea of Okhotsk in Russia.
- [CSA Ocean Sciences Completes Environmental Baseline Survey Offshore Mozambique](https://csaocean.com/news/press-release/csa-ocean-sciences-completes-environmental-baseline-survey-offshore-mozambique/): CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. (CSA), a global marine environmental consulting firm, recently completed an extensive Environmental Baseline Survey (EBS) offshore Mozambique for a major oil and gas company. The project scope involved water column monitoring, environmental sampling, seafloor imaging, air quality analysis, and the installation and recovery of metocean moorings. CSA provided all the necessary equipment, instrumentation, and field personnel, before chartering and mobilizing a dynamically positioned vessel.
- [CSA Completes Environmental Baseline Survey (EBS) for Oil & Gas Major](https://csaocean.com/news/press-release/csa-completes-environmental-baseline-survey-ebs-for-oil-gas-major/): CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. (CSA), a global marine environmental consulting firm, recently conducted an Environmental Baseline Survey (EBS) in offshore waters north of Trinidad for a major oil and gas operator. The EBS included the collection of baseline sediment and seawater environmental data (physical, chemical, and biological) for inclusion in a subsequent report.
- [The Chinook (King) Salmon](https://csaocean.com/news/blog/the-chinook-king-salmon/): CSA is restarting its monthly “Fish Blog”! We will start by profiling the state saltwater fish for all coastal states in the U.S. We are kicking it off with the Chinook (king) salmon, the state fish of Alaska and Oregon.
- [CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. Expands Remote Monitoring Capabilities](https://csaocean.com/news/press-release/csa-ocean-sciences-inc-expands-remote-monitoring-capabilities/): CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. (CSA), a global marine environmental consulting firm, today announced a significant advancement in the firm’s capacity to support offshore environmental projects through real-time subsea video monitoring. CSA’s approach is poised to transform the way seafloor imagery is analyzed, providing technology-driven, cost-effective, and near real-time methods that complement traditional field operations.
- [Elevating Applied Marine Science to New Heights](https://csaocean.com/news/blog/elevating-applied-marine-science-to-new-heights/): Multidisciplinary marine science leads to a deeper, data-led understanding of any emerging environmental concerns, providing the basis for innovative and effective responses to complex challenges, as well as stronger policy outcomes.
- [CSA Wins Major Oil and Gas Contracts in Suriname](https://csaocean.com/news/press-release/csa-wins-major-oil-and-gas-contracts-in-suriname/): CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. (CSA), a global marine environmental consulting firm, and its Suriname subsidiary, CSA Suriname N.V., have been awarded several additional projects in Suriname, including multi-year contracts for major oil and gas operators in the region. CSA will mobilize vessels of opportunity to perform field operations in a range of water depths up to 3,000 msw and manage multiple Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) programs offshore Suriname.
- [CSA Ocean Sciences Aids Extraordinary Marine Discovery at the Leviathan Production Platform in the Mediterranean Sea](https://csaocean.com/news/press-release/csa-ocean-sciences-aids-extraordinary-marine-discovery-at-the-leviathan-production-platform-in-the-mediterranean-sea/): CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. (CSA), a global marine environmental consulting firm, today revealed details of an exciting scientific discovery involving CSA field teams, one that has since triggered subsequent investigation among faculty members at Tel Aviv University and collaborating partners in the region.
- [CSA Ocean Sciences Launches Tech-Inspired Disaster Response Service](https://csaocean.com/news/press-release/csa-ocean-sciences-launches-tech-inspired-disaster-response-service/): CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. (CSA), a global marine environmental consulting firm, today unveiled its latest investment in uncrewed technology—a WingtraOne GEN II unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)—as part of the company’s natural disaster response and recovery service. CSA’s state-of-the-art UAV will now join forces with a fleet of uncrewed surface vehicles (USVs) of varying form and factor, to offer unmatched capabilities in the rapid damage assessment of event-impacted areas and infrastructure, whether situated inland, on the coast, or offshore.
- [Marine Survey & Coastal Monitoring Takes to the Skies](https://csaocean.com/news/blog/marine-survey-coastal-monitoring-takes-to-the-skies/): CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. (CSA) and its affiliate Morgan & Eklund (M&E) are thrilled to introduce the latest technology to our survey arsenal. On May 5th, M&E received delivery of a WingtraOne GEN II uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV). By incorporating this unique asset into our inventory, we can expand our service offerings, integrating photogrammetry, light detection and ranging (LiDAR), and multi-spectral Imaging capabilities.
- [Examining the Foundations of Offshore Wind](https://csaocean.com/news/blog/examining-the-foundations-of-offshore-wind/): Offshore wind energy is in its early stages in the United States, and consequently, there are few empirical studies to inform the potential for any environmental impacts. Europe, in particular, has established large offshore wind farms, which have been studied extensively. In those European studies, offshore wind farms have been shown to alter local marine environments, especially by introducing hard substrates that promote colonization and accumulation of biogenic debris from various marine organisms. Most of those effects were found to be localized and proximal to the wind turbine structures themselves. Until very recently, the Block Island Wind Farm (BIWF), with its five relatively small turbine structures, was one of the only opportunities for examining the conformance of European findings in US waters and beginning to understand any potential ecological changes triggered by the ongoing expansion of the US offshore wind industry.
- [CSA Ocean Scientist Talks All Things STEM with Environmental Science and Conservation Professionals in Palm Beach County](https://csaocean.com/news/blog/csa-ocean-scientist-talks-all-things-stem-with-environmental-science-and-conservation-professionals-in-palm-beach-county/): On Wednesday April 30, Deborah Kilbane, Senior Scientist and Program Director for CSA Ocean Sciences' Ports & Coastal department, participated in the Palm Beach County STEM Ecosystem's quarterly meeting, both as a panel guest—discussing ways of Harnessing Science for a Healthier Future—and as a host for the event's Speedround Discussions.
- [CSA Designs Custom-Built Mobile Science Lab for Chevron Mediterranean Limited](https://csaocean.com/news/press-release/csa-designs-custom-built-mobile-science-lab-for-chevron-mediterranean-limited/): CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. (CSA), an international marine environmental consulting and survey company headquartered in Florida, USA, recently completed a consultancy project for the design and fabrication of a state-of-the-art, purpose-built mobile science laboratory for Chevron Mediterranean Limited (CML). The container-based lab, specifically designed to support CML’s ongoing offshore marine environmental monitoring efforts and preparedness protocols, is now fully operational in Israel’s territorial waters and Exclusive Economic Zone.
- [CSA Completes Protected Species Observer Campaign for Chevron Mediterranean Limited.](https://csaocean.com/news/press-release/csa-completes-protected-species-observer-campaign-for-chevron-mediterranean-limited/): CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. (CSA), a global marine environmental consulting firm, recently supported Chevron Mediterranean Limited (CML) on a major subsea infrastructure pipelaying project in waters offshore Israel performed by the Allseas Group S.A (Allseas). CSA provided a team of expert Protected Species Observers (PSOs) from its Israel office to guarantee that all activities complied with established environmental regulations and that mitigation measures were in place to minimalize any potential impact on local marine protected species.
- [BOEM’s 2023 Environmental Studies Report Recognizes Three CSA Ocean Sciences Projects](https://csaocean.com/news/blog/boems-2023-environmental-studies-report-recognizes-three-csa-ocean-sciences-projects/): The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) recently published its 2023 Environmental Studies Year in Review Report. This report covers scientific publications from October 2022 through December 2023, of which CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. (CSA) contributed to three.
- [CSA Completes Artificial Reef Study for BOEM in Support of Offshore Wind Development](https://csaocean.com/news/press-release/csa-completes-artificial-reef-study-for-boem-in-support-of-offshore-wind-development/): CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. (CSA), a marine environmental consulting firm specializing in ecological monitoring, 3D spatial imagery data collection, community analysis, and management, today announced the preliminary findings of a year-long marine scientific study for the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) to evaluate the suitability of five Nature Inclusive Design (NID) materials for offshore wind cable or turbine foundation scour protection in Tower Reef, an artificial reef site managed by the Virginia Marine Resource Commission. The study site is 0.6 nautical miles WSW of the Chesapeake Light Tower.
- [CSA Leadership to Attend International Workboat Show & Underwater Intervention in New Orleans](https://csaocean.com/news/blog/csa-leadership-to-attend-international-workboat-show-underwater-intervention-in-new-orleans/): CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. (CSA) is excited to attend this week’s International WorkBoat Show and Underwater Intervention, from November 12-14, 2024, in New Orleans, LA. Both Gordon Stevens, CSA President, and Chris Echols, Vice President of Commercial Operations, will be onsite and available to discuss how CSA’s vessels, marine operations teams, and scientific subject matter experts are uniquely equipped to help support multidisciplinary coastal and offshore projects.
- [CSA Marine Mammal Scientists Unveil Novel Risk Assessment Tool for Vessel Operations](https://csaocean.com/news/blog/csa-marine-mammal-scientists-unveil-novel-risk-assessment-tool-for-vessel-operations/): As the offshore wind industry continues to grow domestically and internationally, vessel strike risk management is of increasing concern to offshore wind operators and managers. Marine mammals are at considerable risk of vessel strike due to their large size, surface-feeding behavior, and extensive migrations. Avoiding strikes is key for vessel operators and managers, not only because many marine mammals are protected species, but also because vessel strikes impede offshore wind operations.
- [CSA Offers Autonomous Surface Vessels (ASVs) for Rapid Response Survey, Channel Clearance and Damage Assessment](https://csaocean.com/news/blog/csa-offers-autonomous-surface-vessels-asvs-for-rapid-response-survey-channel-clearance-and-damage-assessment/): The true extent of the damage caused by Hurricane Helene remains to be seen, but the rising death toll and accompanying images of catastrophic structural damage to houses and critical infrastructure paints a bleak and very worrying picture. The storm made landfall in Florida’s Big Bend on Thursday, September 19, 2024, bringing 140 mph winds and a 15-foot storm surge to those areas worst impacted.
- [CSA Delivers Further PSO Training in Israel](https://csaocean.com/news/press-release/csa-delivers-further-pso-training-in-israel/): CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. (CSA), a marine environmental consulting firm specializing in spatial data collection, analysis, and management, recently held a training course in Israel to certify a pool of Protected Species Observers (PSOs). This course certified PSOs to support regional oil and gas industries and additional offshore and nearshore operations in the Eastern Mediterranean.
- [A Team of Leading Scientists from CSA Ocean Sciences Publishes New Paper on the Ecological Effects of the Block Island Wind Farm](https://csaocean.com/news/blog/a-team-of-leading-scientists-from-csa-ocean-sciences-publishes-new-paper-on-the-ecological-effects-of-the-block-island-wind-farm/): A team of CSA Ocean Sciences Inc.’s (CSA) scientists, led by Chief Sciences Officer Dr. Mark Fonseca and co-authored by Adrianna McMahon, Bob Erickson, Dr. Christopher Kelly, John Tiggelaar II, and Bruce Graham, have published a new paper, Effects of the Block Island Wind Farm on Benthic and Epifaunal Communities, which is now freely available at the Journal of Coastal Research website (https://meridian.allenpress.com/jcr/article/doi/10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-23-00096.1/501491/Effects-of-the-Block-Island-Wind-Farm-on-Benthic). The article is scheduled to print in the upcoming November 2024 issue: JCR 40(6).
- [Beacon Offshore Energy Commits to CSA’s Visual Observer Training for Rice’s Whale Protection](https://csaocean.com/news/blog/beacon-offshore-energy-commits-to-csas-visual-observer-training-for-rices-whale-protection/): CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. (CSA) is excited to announce the launch of our online training program for crew-based visual observers. The course follows recommendations in the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management's (BOEM) Notice to Lessees (NTL) 2023-G01 “Expanded Rice’s Whale Protection Efforts During Reinitiated Consultation with NMFS” issued on August 17, 2023. The NTL recommends measures to prevent vessel strikes in the habitat of the endangered Rice's whale, spanning the 100-to-400-m isobath region in the Northern Gulf of Mexico. One of the primary recommendations is the use of trained crew members to perform visual observation within this range. CSA developed a comprehensive vessel observer training program that includes all relevant information to meet the NTL's requirements and potentially future regulations arising from the ongoing consultation process. This course is available through the Talent LMS platform, which is user-friendly and allows for remote access via the website, Apple Store, and Android devices.
- [Harnessing Nature-Driven Carbon Capture and Removal](https://csaocean.com/news/blog/harnessing-nature-driven-carbon-capture-and-removal/): The removal of atmospheric carbon from the ocean and sequestering it in safe and secure reservoirs has emerged as one of the most cost- effective ways to sustainably address anthropogenic climate challenges. The premise was born out of the introduction of marine carbon dioxide removal (mCDR) in the late 1970s, but the challenges associated with modeling, scaling, and creating ocean-based sequestration pathways have proved insurmountable. Until now.

## Pages
- [Ports & Other Coastal Capabilities Statement](https://csaocean.com/ports-other-coastal-capabilities-statement/): Ports & Other Coastal Infrastructure Capabilities PDF Download CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. (CSA) has provided support to port authorities, local municipalities, counties, state and federal agencies, dredging contractors, shipping companies, and private industry clients in preparing environmental assessment documents and mitigation plans, performing marine habitat mapping and data collection surveys, developing and conducting monitoring programs, and assessing impacts of marine activities. Please Complete Form to Download Ports and Other Coastal Infrastructure Capabilities StatementFirst NameLast NameEmailPhone/MobileCompany NameSubmit
- [Sediment Profile Imaging](https://csaocean.com/services/sediment-profile-imaging/): Using our SPI camera, we provide coastal authorities and offshore developers with a range of physical and biological parameters for any set amount of time. The SPI camera captures vertical profiles of the sediment producing high‑resolution images that reveal a cross‑section of sediment layers, textures, redox boundaries, subsurface organisms, and estimates of bioturbation depth, without disturbing the sediment’s natural structure. In contrast, the Plan View (PV) images provide plan-view perspectives that reveal grain types, shell deposits, surface morphology, and visible organisms.
- [Department of Defense](https://csaocean.com/markets/government/department-of-defense/): CSA offers a comprehensive range of services designed to optimize the US DoD and naval allies’ marine data collection and analysis capabilities:
- [Infrastructure Capabilities Statement](https://csaocean.com/infrastructure-capabilities-statement/): PDF Download
- [Accessibility](https://csaocean.com/accessibility/): CSA Ocean Sciences is committed to providing GSA service deliverables that are accessible to federal employees and members of the public in compliance with Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act and Section 255 of the Communications Act. To meet this commitment, we conduct quality assurance testing of our GSA products to assess compliance and stay up-to-date on software, trainings, and tools to improve the accessibility of our products.
- [Privacy Policy](https://csaocean.com/privacy-policy/): CSA Ocean Sciences, Inc. (“us”, “we”, or “our”) operates the https://www.csaocean.com website (the “Service”). This page informs you of our policies regarding the collection, use and disclosure of Personal Information (as defined below) when you use the Service.
- [CSA Parker Fleet Inquiry](https://csaocean.com/csa-parker-fleet-inquiry/): CSA Parker Fleet Inquiry Please Complete Form to Download CSA Parker 25 Fleet InquiryFirst NameLast NameEmailPhone/MobileCompany NameMessageSubmit
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- [Marine Operations & Logistics](https://csaocean.com/services/marine-operations-and-logistics/): CSA provides full-spectrum marine operations and logistical support for coastal, nearshore, and offshore programs worldwide. With decades of experience in complex marine environments—from US territorial waters to the Caribbean, South America, Africa, the Mediterranean, and the world’s high seas we specialize in mobilizing integrated field operations that are efficient, adaptive, and compliant with the highest safety and environmental standards.
- [Ocean Sound](https://csaocean.com/services/ocean-sound/): CSA offers advanced underwater acoustic services critical to responsible exploration and environmental stewardship. Our solutions support environmental impact assessments (EIAs), permitting, and real-time mitigation for energy, infrastructure, and deepwater mining industries.
- [R/V Dolphin Inquiry](https://csaocean.com/r-v-dolphin-inquiry/): R/V Dolphin Inquiry Please Complete Form to Download R/V Dolphin InquiryFirst NameLast NameEmailPhone/MobileCompany NameMessageSubmit
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- [Marine Mining Capabilities Statement](https://csaocean.com/marine-mining-capabilities-statement/): PDF Download
- [Contact Energy](https://csaocean.com/contact-energy/): Since 1970, CSA Ocean Sciences has partnered with clients from the international offshore energy, scientific, defense, and telecoms markets to provide marine consulting and operational support for a wide range of highly specialized, multidisciplinary marine environmental projects around the world.
- [Contact Government](https://csaocean.com/contact-government/): Since 1970, CSA Ocean Sciences has partnered with clients from the international offshore energy, scientific, defense, and telecoms markets to provide marine consulting and operational support for a wide range of highly specialized, multidisciplinary marine environmental projects around the world.
- [Contact Infrastructure & Natural Resources](https://csaocean.com/contact-infrastructure-natural-resources/): Since 1970, CSA Ocean Sciences has partnered with clients from the international offshore energy, scientific, defense, and telecoms markets to provide marine consulting and operational support for a wide range of highly specialized, multidisciplinary marine environmental projects around the world.
- [Energy Capabilities Statement](https://csaocean.com/energy-capabilities-statement/): PDF Download
- [Government Capabilities Statement](https://csaocean.com/government-capabilities-statement/): PDF Download
- [Ocean Sound & Marine Life Capabilities Statement download](https://csaocean.com/ocean-sound-marine-life-capabilities-statement-download/): Thank You for requesting our Sound & Marine Life Capabilities Statement Download Full Capability Statement
- [Ocean Sound & Marine Life Capabilities](https://csaocean.com/ocean-sound-marine-life-capabilities-statement/): PDF Download
- [Corporate Capabilities Statement](https://csaocean.com/corporate-capabilities-statement/): PDF Download
- [Library Services](https://csaocean.com/resources/library-services/): CSA’s Library Services offer a suite of tools and professional support to facilitate data-driven decision-making throughout all stages of project development. Our offerings are available to CSA staff and partner organizations, and include: 
- [Modeling](https://csaocean.com/resources/modeling/): CSA performs marine acoustic impact modeling using specialized tools and methodologies to assess the effects of anthropogenic noise on marine life.
- [Environmental Data & Geospatial Services (EDGS)](https://csaocean.com/resources/environmental-data-geospatial-services-edgs/): Effective environmental management begins with centralized, accessible, and actionable data. At CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. (CSA), our Environmental Data & Geospatial Services (EDGS) team specializes in curating, analyzing, and delivering complex environmental information through intuitive, web-based platforms.
- [Autonomous Vehicles](https://csaocean.com/resources/autonomous-vehicles/): CSA operates a growing fleet of autonomous surface vehicles (ASVs) to support a wide range of marine operations, from environmental surveys to scientific research and military deployments. These unmanned platforms enable efficient, low-impact data collection across diverse mission profiles and ocean conditions. Our ASVs are deployed for:
- [Research Vessels](https://csaocean.com/resources/research-vessels/): CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. (CSA) operates a versatile fleet of high-specification research vessels configured to support a wide range of marine geophysical, geotechnical, and environmental surveys. Our vessels are equipped with advanced instrumentation and survey systems to ensure safe, efficient, and reliable operations from shallow nearshore environments to deepwater deployments.
- [Oil Spill Preparedness & Response](https://csaocean.com/services/oil-spill-preparedness-response/): CSA delivers a full suite of environmental services to help the oil and gas industry prepare for and respond to marine oil spills, with capabilities extending from shallow nearshore waters to ultra-deep offshore environments. Our multidisciplinary team supports planning, emergency response, environmental assessment, and post-incident recovery through science-driven, regulator-approved methodologies. Our services include:
- [Permitting](https://csaocean.com/services/permitting/): CSA provides a wide variety of environmental permitting services for projects in marine, coastal, estuarine, wetland, and freshwater environments worldwide. CSA has an extensive background in coordinating environmental analysis and permitting activities with a range of regulatory agencies to evaluate, minimize, avoid, and mitigate unavoidable impacts, as well as to monitor biologically sensitive features associated with a project. Our permitting services cover: 
- [Metocean](https://csaocean.com/services/metocean/): Our team guarantees seamless integration with your operational planning, feeding real-time data to your asset integrity models, DP systems, and offshore command centers. CSA’s metocean packages are tailored for long-term deployments with low power consumption and robust performance in high-current and corrosive environments.
- [Offshore Geotechnical Services](https://csaocean.com/services/geotechnical/): Our offshore geotechnical services encompass a wide range of specialized capabilities:
- [Geophysical & Positioning](https://csaocean.com/services/geophysical-positioning/): By combining advanced instrumentation with the technical expertise of our cloud-based Environmental Data Geospatial Systems (EDGS) team, CSA provides comprehensive underwater imaging and spatial analysis solutions customized to your project’s geographic and environmental conditions.
- [Protected Species Monitoring & Mitigation](https://csaocean.com/services/protected-species/): CSA provides comprehensive support for the monitoring and mitigation of protected marine species during offshore and coastal operations. From early-stage planning through execution and decommissioning, our expert services are designed to meet regulatory requirements, industry standards, and operational goals without compromising the protection of marine life. Our team has supported marine species assessments for a wide variety of offshore projects, including:
- [Offshore Environmental Characterization & Monitoring](https://csaocean.com/services/offshore-environmental-characterization-monitoring/): CSA delivers comprehensive offshore environmental characterization services that provide critical baseline data to support informed project planning, permitting, and operational decisions. Our experienced multi-disciplinary team specializes in evaluating the physical, chemical, and biological properties of offshore marine environments using cutting-edge technology and proven field techniques. Our characterization services include:
- [Coastal Habitat Characterization, Monitoring & Mitigation](https://csaocean.com/services/coastal-habitat-characterization-monitoring-mitigation/): CSA personnel are trained and equipped to conduct surveys and monitoring of hardbottom habitats, coral reefs, oyster banks, seagrass beds, and other soft bottom habitats. CSA has developed and field-tested methods for reattaching and transplanting hard and soft corals and sponges, enhanced methods to control turbidity plumes during construction, and applied and installed innovative reef structural habitat enhancements as a means of accelerating biological recovery and supporting living shorelines.
- [Resources](https://csaocean.com/resources/): Transforming environmental information into insightful, interactive solutions.
- [Contact](https://csaocean.com/contact/): See Map Below
- [Safety](https://csaocean.com/health-security-safety-and-environment/): Because we view HSSE as an integral component of our business model and critical to our ability to deliver quality services and products to our clients, CSA emphasizes the importance of HSSE for every activity and provides the resources, knowledge, and training necessary for staff to meet HSSE objectives.

## Projects
- [Brevard County Mid-Reach Monitoring Survey](https://csaocean.com/project/infrastructure/brevard-county-mid-reach-monitoring-survey/): Brevard County, Florida is conducting a beach nourishment project that may affect sensitive nearshore hardbottom habitats. As part of a potential impacts monitoring program CSA scientists sampled epibiota and fishes in replicate plots (sampling units) on hardbottom within each of the four fill areas and one reference area along the Mid-Reach coast of Brevard County (FDEP Monuments R-118 to R-68). Sampling units were placed within intertidal and subtidal hardbottom strata. The distinction between intertidal and subtidal sites was based upon water depth and distance from shore. Within the sampling units, epibiota was assessed with quantitative photographs.
- [Nearshore Hardbottom Monitoring for Martin County](https://csaocean.com/project/infrastructure/nearshore-hardbottom-monitoring-for-martin-county/): CSA conducted a baseline pre-construction survey in 2010 an immediate post-construction survey in 2013, and is currently conducting a one year post-construction survey to characterize, monitor, and map nearshore hardbottom habitats offshore Martin County, Florida in relation to beach renourishment associated with the Martin County Shore Protection Project. Surveys were conducted in accordance with a biological monitoring plan approved by the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP). Twelve permanent, cross-shore monitoring transects were established from the project's equilibrium-toe-of-fill (ETOF) to the east a distance of 500 ft (152 m). CSA scientists collected video data in quantitative and qualitative formats along each transect. Percent cover of substrate, wormrock, macroalgae, corals, sponges, and other benthic fauna were determined from analysis of quantitative video data using random point count software (CPCe).
- [Marine Resources Assessment to Apra Harbor, Guam](https://csaocean.com/project/infrastructure/marine-resources-assessment-to-apra-harbor-guam/): This marine resource assessment consisted of a series of extensive diver surveys over a two-year period to collect data regarding marine resources within and adjacent to Apra Harbor, Guam. Data were used to assess the potential impacts of a proposed dredging project on marine resources and were to be evaluated for input into a Compensatory Mitigation Plan for Clean Water Act Section 404 and Rivers and Harbors Act permits. CSA conducted the following surveys:
- [Imagery Interpretation for Benthic Mapping & Characterization](https://csaocean.com/project/infrastructure/imagery-interpretation-for-benthic-mapping-characterization/): CSA provided GeoSpatial services for benthic mapping and characterization in support of Indian River County's beach re-nourishment program. Using aerial imagery in conjunction with ground verification surveys, CSA produced accurate benthic maps for inventory of hardbottom habitats to assess potential project-related impacts within the project area. CSA coordinated aerial imagery acquisition efforts by conducting visibility checks based on flight windows provided.
- [Remote Sensing for Costa Concordia Salvage Operations](https://csaocean.com/project/infrastructure/remote-sensing-for-costa-concordia-salvage-operations/): The CSA GeoSpatial Services (GSS) business line provided consulting services for imagery acquisition to support TITAN Salvage's Costa Concordia salvage operation. High-resolution Quickbird, WorldView, and Ikonos images were accessed to support planning of salvage operations. Historical images were utilized to determine high and low wind and wave energy periods. This information was utilized by TITAN's engineering team for modeling purposes during the salvage design and planning scenarios.
- [Water Current Study for Marina Expansion Project](https://csaocean.com/project/infrastructure/water-current-study-for-marina-expansion-project/): CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. (CSA) conducted a water current study in the vicinity of the proposed Viking Marina expansion project. The survey area was located in the Intracoastal Waterway, west of Peanut Island, West Palm Beach, Florida. Water current and water level data were collected and correlated with wind speed and direction measurements. Current speed and direction measurements at multiple levels within the water column and water level measurements were recorded over a 5-week period. Current data were collected using Nortek Aquadopp profilers. Deliverables included a report and vertically aligned time series plots depicting current speed and direction, wind speed and direction, and water level. This project was conducted as a subcontract to Cutcher & Associates, Inc.
- [Baseline Data Collection of Potential Dredging Projects](https://csaocean.com/project/infrastructure/baseline-data-collection-of-potential-dredging-projects/): CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. (CSA) conducted surveys to collect baseline information regarding potential dredging project sites in association with the Canaveral Harbor Air Force Base Area 103 evaluation. The 103 evaluation of the Canaveral Harbor maintenance dredging project considered potential dredged material from the Middle Turning Basin Air Force Base area (Poseidon Wharf area), Canaveral Harbor, Brevard County, Florida that is proposed for ocean disposal in the Canaveral Ocean Dredged Material Disposal Site (ODMDS).
- [Environmental Permitting for Gulf Landing Deepwater Port](https://csaocean.com/project/infrastructure/environmental-permitting-for-gulf-landing-deepwater-port/): CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. developed a monitoring plan to establish baseline information on fish eggs and larvae in the area in and around Gulf Landing’s permitted deepwater port site. In addition, macroinfaunal populations were studied. This monitoring program was a requirement to obtain the permit for the liquefied natural gas regasification facility in West Cameron Block 213, about 38 mi south of Cameron, Louisiana.
- [California Department of Water Resources](https://csaocean.com/project/infrastructure/california-department-of-water-resources/): CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. was contracted by EcoAnalysts, Inc. to identify fish eggs and larvae from the Sacramento San Joaquin Delta in support of a California Department of Water Resources (DWR) study to identify meroplankton, holoplankton, and drift invertebrates. The DWR Aquatic Ecology Section collects zooplankton, drift invertebrate, and fish eggs and larval samples to verify planktonic assemblages in two aquatic habitats to better determine habitat quality and productivity.
- [North GOM Deepwater Hard Bottom Community Characterization](https://csaocean.com/project/infrastructure/north-gom-deepwater-hard-bottom-community-characterization/): The U.S. Department of the Interior, Minerals Management Service (MMS) contracted CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. (CSA) to conduct a characterization of the northern Gulf of Mexico deepwater hard bottom communities, with emphasis on Lophelia pertusa coral.  Objectives of the study were threefold: 1) select study sites on the northern Gulf of Mexico continental slope consisting of hard bottom areas with nonchemosynthetic biological communities, particularly areas with dense assemblages of Lophelia; 2) design and implement submersible survey and sampling techniques to characterize the biological communities on these deepwater hard bottom areas; and 3) investigate and describe environmental conditions that correlate with the observed distribution and development of these communities.
- [Nearshore Hard Bottom Monitoring for Venice, Florida](https://csaocean.com/project/infrastructure/nearshore-hard-bottom-monitoring-for-venice-florida/): CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. (CSA) conducted the Monitoring Program for the City of Venice Beach Nourishment Project on the central west coast of Florida. CSA monitored biological and physical characteristics of hard bottom for pre-construction, during construction, and post-construction periods at both borrow and fill locations. Hard bottom features that support epibiotal assemblages consisting of macroalgae, sponges, stony corals, octocorals, and other organisms exist near both the offshore borrow sites and nearshore fill sites.
- [Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer Authority Field Surveys](https://csaocean.com/project/infrastructure/puerto-rico-aqueduct-and-sewer-authority-field-surveys/): CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. (CSA) has been providing services for the Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer Authority (PRASA) since 1999 under subcontract to CH2M Hill, Inc. CSA is performing comprehensive environmental monitoring, including both biological and chemical field sampling and data collection for 301(h) waiver demonstrations and mixing zone validation studies at the Aguadilla, Arecibo, Bayamon/Puerto Nuevo, Carolina, and Ponce Regional Wastewater Treatment Plant (RWWTP) outfalls offshore Puerto Rico. Initially, CSA scientists coordinated with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) staff relative to station location and sampling methodologies and assisted in the preparation of the Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP).
- [Hard Coral Relocation, Ras Laffan Industrial City,Qatar](https://csaocean.com/project/infrastructure/hard-coral-relocation-ras-laffan-industrial-city-qatar/): CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. (CSA) was contracted by Qatar Liquefied Gas Company Limited (II) and Qatargas 3&4 on behalf of Qatargas Operating Company to develop and implement a Coral Management Plan (CMP) for mitigation to reduce impacts to hard corals associated with pipeline construction in the nearshore area off Ras Laffan Industrial City. The CMP, which recommended salvage and relocation of hard corals within the pipeline corridors, was required by the Supreme Council for the Environment and Natural Reserves, and included the following tasks:
- [MT Ficus Grounding Assessment, Monitoring, & Restoration](https://csaocean.com/project/infrastructure/mt-ficus-grounding-assessment-monitoring-restoration/): In February 2008, the tanker M/T FICUS went aground near Goudling Cay off the western end of New Providence Island, Bahamas. CSA Ocean Sciences (CSA) was contracted by the Bahamas Environment, Science and Technology (BEST) Commission to conduct a reef injury assessment, emergency restoration, and monitoring surveys for two years post-restoration to document recovery of the impacted site.
- [Seagrass Restoration Biscayne Bay, Miami Dade County](https://csaocean.com/project/infrastructure/seagrass-restoration-biscayne-bay-miami-dade-county/): CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. (CSA) was contracted by the Village of Key Biscayne (VKB) to develop and implement a seagrass restoration and mitigation plan to satisfy the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP) special conditions requiring seagrass mitigation requirements to offset authorized and unauthorized impacts to seagrass from beach nourishment projects. CSA conducted hydrographic surveys using shallow water hydrographic survey systems and telemetry to identify and map over 2 acres of seagrass injuries and blowholes for potential restoration, and to locate donor seagrass beds.
- [USS Port Royal Grounding: Assessment & Coral Reattachment](https://csaocean.com/project/infrastructure/uss-port-royal-grounding-assessment-coral-reattachment/): The following information summarizes CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. (CSA) involvement in this project using text and photos found in the public domain due to our sensitivity to releasing any proprietary information and the Navy’s need for confidentiality.
- [Hardbottom Community Monitoring for Indian River County](https://csaocean.com/project/infrastructure/hardbottom-community-monitoring-for-indian-river-county/): CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. (CSA) has conducted pre-construction (2007) immediate (2008), Year 1 (2009) and Year 2 (2010) post-construction biological monitoring surveys of benthic hard bottom habitat offshore northern Indian River County, Florida, in relation to a beach nourishment project. Surveys were conducted in accordance with a biological monitoring plan approved by the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP). A total of 10 permanent cross-shore monitoring transects have been installed, maintained, and monitored annually in both project and reference areas.
- [AMX-1 Submarine Fiber Optic Cable System](https://csaocean.com/project/infrastructure/amx-1-submarine-fiber-optic-cable-system/): The América Movil (AMX-1) Submarine Fiber Optic Cable System traverses approximately 15,900 km (9,879.8 mi) of seafloor connecting Florida to the Caribbean, Mexico, and South America. CSA provided comprehensive permit consulting services as the Permitting Agent for América Movil in support of permit acquisition for the Jacksonville and Hollywood, Florida landings as well as permit compliance assistance for landings in San Juan, Puerto Rico. CSA supported the AMX-1 Cable System from inception of the project and continued through permit acquisition and post-installation mitigation at landings in Florida and in Puerto Rico.
- [Bahamas Telecommunications Company Cable Repair](https://csaocean.com/project/infrastructure/bahamas-telecommunications-company-cable-repair/): The Bahamas Domestic Submarine Network (BDSN) system is owned and operated by The Bahamas Telecommunications Company (BTC); Global Marine Systems Limited (Global Marine) is the maintenance provider for the system. A section of the BDSN Segment R4 submarine cable located within Elizabeth Harbour, Exuma was damaged by an unknown source believed to be a vessel anchor.
- [Cayman Islands Marine mining study](https://csaocean.com/project/infrastructure/cayman-islands-marine-mining-study/): CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. conducted evaluations of the physical and biological effects of marine mining of marl (calcareous clay), sand, and other aggregate material offshore the Cayman Islands. A literature search was conducted, key documents were reviewed, and draft and final reports were prepared that summarized potential environmental impacts. Physical effects resulting from marine mining were discussed in terms of the primary impact-producing factor, which is mechanical disturbance of the seabed. Physical impact sections addressed dredging equipment, geology, chemistry, physical oceanography, light, noise, and air quality. Benthic biological impacts were organized according to physical disruption caused by removal, suspension, dispersion, and deposition of mined material. Benthic recolonization was reviewed in terms of recolonization adaptations, succession, periods, success, and recovery.
- [Puerto Rico Benthic Habitat Characterization](https://csaocean.com/project/government/puerto-rico-benthic-habitat-characterization/): The CSA GeoSpatial Services (GSS) business line provided imagery acquisition and interpretation services for marine habitats (benthic and terrestrial) to support the Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC) Atlantic under the Comprehensive Long-Term Environmental Action Navy (CLEAN) 1000 Contract for the proposed installation of a waterway barrier system within Bahia Icacos, located at the former Vieques Naval Training Range (VNTR) on Vieques, Puerto Rico. The satellite mapping data were used to plan and conduct the field investigation and select sites for ground-truthing to produce the benthic habitat characterization. All primary marine species—corals (including endangered and threatened species), seagrasses, fishes, macro-invertebrates, and sea turtles—occurring in the project area were indentified to lowest possible taxon and their locations mapped relative to proposed waterway barrier structures.
- [GIS For Port Dolphin Deepwater Port Application](https://csaocean.com/project/government/gis-for-port-dolphin-deepwater-port-application/): CSA was contracted to conduct a feasibility study and prepare all environmental permit applications and a U.S. Coast Guard license application for the Port Dolphin deepwater port liquefied natural gas (LNG) facilities. The unloading portion of the deepwater port is located in federal waters approximately 45 km (28 mi) offshore Tampa Bay, Florida in approximately 30 m (100 ft) of water. The gas transmission line connects to a shore facility in Manatee County, Florida.
- [St. Lucie and Loxahatchee River Oyster Reef Restoration](https://csaocean.com/project/government/st-lucie-and-loxahatchee-river-oyster-reef-restoration/): As part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. (CSA) acquired the necessary state and federal permits on behalf of Martin County and implemented a three‑phase (Survey, Restoration, and Monitoring) oyster reef restoration project in the middle St. Lucie Estuary (SLE) and Northwest Fork of the Loxahatchee River. Of over 800 proposals submitted to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), this project is one of only 50 to be funded by the stimulus grant. This project is a significant step towards the restoration of oyster reef habitats once present in the St. Lucie and Loxahatchee Rivers, a goal of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan.
- [Port Dolphin Deepwater Feasibility Studies and Permits](https://csaocean.com/project/government/port-dolphin-deepwater-feasibility-studies-and-permits/): CSA prepared a feasibility study using exclusionary mapping (utilizing Geographic Information Systems ) to identify an appropriate location for the DWP examining commercial and environmental needs and constraints.  After the feasibility study was complete, CSA was responsible for collecting, analyzing, and documenting all the biological environmental data used in developing the environmental permitting documentation in accordance with requirements of the Department of Transportation, USCG, Minerals Management Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, State of Florida, the United States Army Corps of Engineers, the National Environmental Policy Act, Deepwater Port Act, Homeland Security Act, Natural Gas Act, and other regulations. Resource characterizations of the buoy area and pipeline corridor were conducted with towed video/still camera systems and diver surveys.
- [Europe/India Fiber Optic Cable System Coordination](https://csaocean.com/project/government/europe-india-fiber-optic-cable-system-coordination/): CSA provided comprehensive consulting services in support of permit acquisition (i.e., permissions, authorizations, consents, approvals, concurrences, licenses, agreements, notifications, etc.) within each of the landing countries as required for the ownership, construction, installation, maintenance, repair, and decommissioning of the EIG system. CSA’s responsibilities included the management and procurement of all permits necessary for the system’s terrestrial and marine infrastructure. Permit procurement responsibilities included the following:
- [Submarine Fiber Optic Systems Permitting Feasibility Studies](https://csaocean.com/project/government/submarine-fiber-optic-systems-permitting-feasibility-studies/): CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. (CSA) has prepared numerous desktop studies (DTSs) for submarine fiber optic cable systems. DTSs provide an analysis of the network route and define the physical environment, critical permitting, and engineering issues associated with the installation of the proposed systems. The studies also provide relevant, applicable information on seabed depths and geological, biological, and oceanographic resources along the cable route segments; weather conditions; landing site permitting considerations; existing cables and pipelines; and shipping and fisheries considerations.
- [NEPA Environmental Reviews and Document Production](https://csaocean.com/project/government/nepa-environmental-reviews-and-document-production/): CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. (CSA) has prepared portions or all of Environmental Assessments (EAs) and Environmental Impact Statements (EISs) in accordance with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), regulations on implementing NEPA procedures from the Council on Environmental Quality, and other related Acts, Executive Orders, and requirements for a variety of marine projects types throughout the United States. CSA has also prepared Environmental Reviews (ERs) that followed NEPA format and carried the preferred alternative and at least one other viable alternative through the entire NEPA environmental assessment process and had a U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) third-party subcontractor utilize the ER to prepare an EIS.
- [Artificial Reef Management Plan Update for Martin County](https://csaocean.com/project/government/artificial-reef-management-plan-update-for-martin-county/): CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. (CSA), under contract to Ecological Associates, Inc., was contracted by the Coastal Engineering Department of Martin County, Florida to technically review, update, and enhance the Martin County Artificial Reef Management Plan. CSA completed a focused literature search and assimilation of available and relevant literature for the southeast U.S. and the Gulf of Mexico and utilized the information to enhance the management of artificial reefs in Martin County. The literature search focused on artificial reef ecology, socioeconomics, and reef fisheries management.
- [First Dredging Project in a National Marine Sanctuary](https://csaocean.com/project/government/first-dredging-project-in-a-national-marine-sanctuary/): CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. (CSA) provided environmental services to support the development of the Key West Ship Channel dredging project in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS). These services included coordination with state and federal regulatory agencies (Florida Department of Environmental Protection, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, FKNMS, National Marine Fisheries Service, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service), as well as development of permit conditions with these agencies.
- [Right Whales and Potential Impacts Associated With Naval Operations](https://csaocean.com/project/government/right-whales-and-potential-impacts-associated-with-naval-operations/): CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. (CSA) conducted assessments of the potential environmental impacts associated with Navy aircraft, surface vessel, and submarine operations off southern South Carolina, Georgia, and northeastern Florida. The assessments focused on an aerial survey program designed by CSA to collect data on the distributions and relative abundances of endangered and threatened species, with particular emphasis on the >North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis). Work began with a literature and data search and preparation of an Aerial Survey Plan.
- [Range Management Plan and Environmental Reviews for AUTEC](https://csaocean.com/project/government/range-management-plan-and-environmental-reviews-for-autec/): CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. (CSA) prepared a Comprehensive Range Management Plan (CRMP) and two Environmental Reviews (ERs) for the Atlantic Undersea Test and Evaluation Center (AUTEC) facilities, operations, and ranges under strict time schedules, which allowed the Navy to avoid losses of funding allocations. CSA received commendations from John Creswell (AUTEC Operations Manager) following approval of the documents by the Chief of Naval Operations (CNO). Elizabeth DeBlois (MESA Project Manager, Naval Undersea Warfare Center Division, Newport, Rhode Island) also complimented CSA for expeditious assistance and completion to obtain CNO acceptance.
- [Mesa Verde (LPD-1A) EIS / Overseas EIS](https://csaocean.com/project/government/mesa-verde-lpd-1a-eis-overseas-eis/): Photo Credit: US Navy,  http://www.mesa-verde.navy.mil/
- [EA for Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary Site](https://csaocean.com/project/government/ea-for-monterey-bay-national-marine-sanctuary-site/): CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. (CSA) prepared an Environmental Assessment (EA), pursuant to the requirements of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), for proposed oceanographic research operations within the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary (MBNMS) off California. Termed Monterey Bay 2006, the research activities occurred between July and September 2006 and involved research vessels, autonomous underwater vehicles, gliders, and oceanographic equipment from the U.S. Navy, Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, and other research institutions.
Agencies reviewing the EA included MBNMS, several Federal and State agencies (i.e., National Marine Fisheries Service , California Coastal Commission, U.S. Coast Guard , and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers ), and local interests. Based on EA impact determinations, it is expected that a Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI) also will be developed. In addition, CSA provided expert review of the Navy’s research permit application.
- [Coral Translocation Servicing a Natural Gas Facility](https://csaocean.com/project/energy/coral-translocation-servicing-a-natural-gas-facility/): CSA marine scientists assisted client scientific staff in assessing the nearshore reefs adjacent to a natural gas facility under construction in Musandam, Oman. CSA scientists assisted in surveys to assess the coral communities, determine potential impacts from construction activities, and plan the necessary coral relocation to mitigate impacts. Potential sites for coral reattachment were identified and ground truthed for habitat similarity to donor sites. The proposed recipient area was composed of low-relief hardbottom and reef, with coral species similar to the donor area. Following mobilization to the area, on-site meetings were held with the client, training sessions were organized for contract personnel and divers, and coral relocation efforts were initiated.
- [Environmental Sensitivity Mapping, Republic of Cyprus](https://csaocean.com/project/energy/environmental-sensitivity-mapping-republic-of-cyprus/): CSA used remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) technology to map shoreline sensitivity to oil spills in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. The Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) is a widely used system for ranking and classifying shoreline sensitivity based on characteristics such as degree of wave energy, potential penetration of oil into the substrate, and natural oil retention times of the shore type. This type of information is crucial to mitigate the potential impact of an oil spill.
- [Suriname Sound Source Pressure Levels Study](https://csaocean.com/project/energy/suriname-sound-source-pressure-levels-study/): CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. was contracted to conduct sound measurements of airgun output as part of an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for the protection of wildlife resources in five rivers of Suriname. Sound pressure level (SPL) recordings measured in dB re μPa were collected in the Corantijn, Coppename, Saramacca, Suriname, and Commewijne Rivers. The recordings were collected during a seismic data acquisition survey. The two dimensional (2D) survey was conducted using two 20-in.3 airguns towed at 0.67 m below the surface. The target frequency was set for 120 Hz, with a peak intensity of 170 bar.
- [Acoustic Tracking Of Sperm Whales In The Northern GOM](https://csaocean.com/project/energy/acoustic-tracking-of-sperm-whales-in-the-northern-gom/): CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. provided towed passive acoustic monitoring equipment and personnel in support of an ongoing tagging survey of sperm whales, Physeter macrocephalus. The survey was designed to locate and tag groups of sperm whales in order to apply satellite telemetry tags. Due to the wide-ranging nature and prolonged diving capabilities of sperm whales, acoustics were used to locate and stay with sperm whales so that the telemetry tags could be affixed via a small vessel. Sperm whales have a unique vocal pattern in that they echolocate, or “click,” nearly continuously while submerged, but cease clicking upon surfacing. Acoustic tracking is used to direct the tagging boat to the whales through these clicks and alert visual observers to the location of the whales as the clicking stops. This affords the tag boat the greatest opportunity to approach the whales as they surface.
- [Outer Continental Shelf exploratory oil & gas activities](https://csaocean.com/project/energy/outer-continental-shelf-exploratory-oil-gas-activities/): CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. served as the marine environmental consultant to a consortium of eight companies for permitting of proposed Outer Continental Shelf exploratory oil and gas drilling activities in a 21-block unit of the Manteo Area in the Atlantic Ocean off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. Water depths for the proposed deepwater wells ranged from 650 to 1,160 m. CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. prepared various types of environmental documentation for the permitting process. The Exploration Plan for Manteo Area Block 467 contained operational and environmental information and followed regulations established by the Minerals Management Service (MMS). CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. also prepared an Oil Spill Contingency Plan. Shallow hazards data were interpreted for hard bottom. A live bottom survey was conducted and a report was prepared.
- [U.S. Department of the Interior Oil Dispersant Study](https://csaocean.com/project/energy/u-s-department-of-the-interior-oil-dispersant-study/): CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. in conjunction with two subcontractors (T.H.E. Laboratories & VISTA Laboratories), conducted a 2-year study titled "Oil and Oil Dispersants Toxicity Program: Dispersed Oil Toxicity Tests with Biological Species Indigenous to the Gulf of Mexico." Static, static renewal, and flow-through biomonitoring exposure methodologies were utilized on egg and larval stages of five commercially important invertebrate and fish species. Species evaluated included brown shrimp (Penaeus aztecus), white shrimp (Penaeus setiferus), blue crab (Callinectes sapidus), eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica), and redfish (Sciaenops ocellatus). Species to be evaluated under three contract options included Gulf menhaden (Brevoortia patronus), silverside minnow (Menidia beryllina), and spot croaker (Leiostomus xanthurus).
- [Offshore Operators Committee Zooplankton sampling](https://csaocean.com/project/energy/offshore-operators-committee-zooplankton-sampling/): CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. was contracted by the Offshore Operators Committee (OOC) to conduct zooplankton sampling for 2 years in the Gulf of Mexico using a MOCNESS system. This study has been undertaken to meet National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) regulations to fulfill requirements of Section 316(b) of the Clean Water Act, which provides that “any standard established pursuant to sections 301 or 306 of the Clean Water Act and applicable to a point source shall require that the location, design, construction, and capacity of the cooling water intake structures reflect the best technology available for minimizing adverse environmental impact.”
- [Environmental Services for Navy Underwater Explosive Testing](https://csaocean.com/project/government/environmental-services-for-navy-underwater-explosive-testing/): CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. (CSA) was instrumental in providing environmental services in preparation for and approval of underwater explosive (UNDEX) testing of the SEAWOLF submarine and WINSTON CHURCHILL (DDG 81) guided missile destroyer. Starting in 1992, CSA preliminarily assessed 16 potential test sites off the eastern U.S. and Gulf of Mexico coasts with the goal of selecting and including alternative sites in National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) Environmental Impact Statements (EISs). The assessments were based on multidisciplinary literature; geographic information system (GIS) data; other existing information; and federal and state agency laws, regulatory requirements, and concerns. CSA conducted side-scan sonar, magnetometer, and video and still camera data collection field surveys; prepared exclusion zone maps; and designed a study plan for acoustic analysis of the UNDEX testing.
- [ESIA for Seismic Operations in the Gulf of Suez, Egypt](https://csaocean.com/project/energy/esia-for-seismic-operations-in-the-gulf-of-suez-egypt/): CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. (CSA) prepared an Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) for seismic operations in the Gulf of Suez, Egypt. The ESIA included Environmental and Social Management and Monitoring Plans. Seismic operations were planned for the Shoab Ali reef complex and Ras Kenisa region in the North Shadwan Concession. The ESIA included interpretation and classification of satellite imagery for benthic habitats. To ground‑truth the satellite imagery, CSA selected representative stations in a variety of habitats and water depths over a wide geographic area.
- [EIS / EA for Offshore Alternative Energy Programs](https://csaocean.com/project/energy/eis-ea-for-offshore-alternative-energy-programs/): CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. (CSA) has been awarded a Blanket Purchase Agreement (BPA) by the Minerals Management Service (MMS) to prepare Environmental Impact Statements (EIS), Environmental Assessments (EAs), and related environmental documentation in support of MMS’ Alternative Energy Programs and the development of offshore alternative energy and alternative use facilities. The Government’s requirement is for ongoing support in preparing Environmental Impact Statements (EISs), EAs, and other appropriate environmental reports and documentation required by Federal and State regulation. These documents often address highly complex and controversial issues and may be subject to rigorous review by experts in scientific and legal fields, governmental agencies, non‑government organizations, industry, and the general public.
- [EIA and Environmental Baseline Survey Offshore Suriname](https://csaocean.com/project/energy/eia-and-environmental-baseline-survey-offshore-suriname/): CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. (CSA) designed a Study Plan that was subsequently approved by the Nationaal Instituut voor Milieu en Ontwikkeling (NOMOS) in Suriname. Based on this study plan CSA conducted field sampling and prepared an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for a project involving three potential exploration wells located in Block 37 offshore Suriname.
- [Environmental Impact Assessment & Baseline Survey in Trinidad](https://csaocean.com/project/energy/environmental-impact-assessment-baseline-survey-in-trinidad/): CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. (CSA) was contracted to prepare an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and conduct an environmental baseline survey pursuant to the requirements of the Draft Terms of Reference (TOR) for proposed operations on Block 2(c) offshore the northeastern coast of Trinidad, Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies. The EIA was prepared for submittal to the Environmental Management Authority to characterize the proposed gas project, summarize environmental and socioeconomic resources, and assess the impacts of the proposed activities on those resources.
- [Field Survey & Environmental Impact Studies in Mozambique](https://csaocean.com/project/energy/field-survey-environmental-impact-studies-in-mozambique/): CSA Ocean Sciences Inc. (CSA) was contracted by Anadarko Moçambique Área 1, Lda (AMA1) to conduct two field surveys and assist with the Environmental Impact Study (EIS) process required under Mozambican law prior to a seismic survey in the offshore portion of Rovuma Offshore Area 1. AMA1 and its partner Empresa Nacional de Hidrocarbonetos, EP (ENH) signed an Exploration and Production Concession (EPC) Contract with the Government of the Republic of Mozambique for Area 1 offshore the Rovuma block in February 2007. The purpose of CSA’s first field survey was to collect baseline information through an aerial census of marine mammals (particularly Dugong dugon) and sea turtles from nearshore areas of the Rovuma Concession Block and adjacent Parque Nacional Quirambas off northern Mozambique.

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